1 2 9 Severe ADEM attacks can require patients to be given ventilatory support in up to 3% of instances. In severe cases of ADEM, seizures, and a coma can happen to a patient. This MOGAD presentation displays symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, decreased consciousness, fever, and vomiting. 8 Acute Disseminated EncephalomyelitisĪcute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is another presentation of MOG Antibody Disease. MRI scans of MOGAD spinal cord inflammation tend to be longitudinally extensive, spanning three contiguous vertebral body segments, although shorter lesions may coexist. Transverse Myelitis in MOG Antibody Disease is often severe, with partial paralysis of lower limbs requiring a movement aid and bladder dysfunction requiring catheterisation at the patient's worst point. 1 2 The main symptoms of transverse Myelitis are pain, loss of/or abnormal body sensations, weakness of limbs, and bladder and bowel issues. 1 Symptoms tend to develop over a few hours or gradually over a few weeks. The effects of TM on a person depend on which spinal cord segments are damaged. Transverse Myelitis (TM) is when the spinal cord becomes inflamed, causing interruptions to nerve signals sent from the brain to the body, which can create a variety of symptoms. 6 Some patients complain of a headache around the eye or at the front of the head a few days before vision is affected. It is recurrent or bilateral/simultaneous in approximately 50% of all cases. Optic neuritis is the most common MOGAD presentation among adult patients. 1 2 5 Vision loss is usually temporary in some cases, it can be permanent and takes hours or days to happen and weeks to improve. Some people also report seeing flickering, flashing, or sparkles when moving their eyes. Vision loss from optic neuritis can present as loss of central or peripheral vision, colour, or visual acuity. Other symptoms include vision loss which can be either temporary or permanent depending on the nerve damage. 1 5 A common symptom of ON is eye pain, which can worsen when the eye moves. Optic neuritis (ON) is when the eye's optical nerve(s) becomes inflamed due to damage to the myelin surrounding the nerves in one or both eyes simultaneously. The most common presentation is Optic Neuritis (ON), followed by Transverse Myelitis (TM) and then Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Symptoms of MOG Antibody disease can present differently from person to person.
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